Examine the Role of Political Stability and Education Toward Green Economy: An Empirical Evidence for Bangladesh

In the face of rapid economic and demographic changes, understanding the environmental consequences of development has become crucial for sustainable policymaking. This research analyzes the influence of political stability, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, educational attainment, foreign direct investment (FDI), and population growth on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in Bangladesh from 1990 to 2022. Applying the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, the outcomes reveal that GDP growth, population expansion, and FDI substantially lead to ecosystem degradation, while educational attainment and political stability alleviate ecological strain. This evidence suggests that a well-informed population, stable governance, and investments in education foster environmental consciousness and responsible citizenship, improving Bangladesh’s ecological health. These results imply that sustainable development could be achieved through equitable urbanization, investment in emissions research and energy conservation, and policy reforms supporting green finance and urban design. To reinforce the validity of the ARDL findings, additional evaluations utilizing the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and the canonical cointegration regression (CCR) estimations corroborate the consistency of the conclusions. The study ultimately advocates for policy measures to support sustainable development, strengthen educational institutions, encourage green financing, and promote urban planning that upholds ecological integrity in Bangladesh.