OVERVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY METHODS OF TEMPORARY MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT IN CARDIOGENIC SHOCK ASSOCIATED WITH HEART FAILURE

Muscular work is a key smulus for mullevel remodeling of the human body, parcularly in ssues forming the oxygen transport system.These changes enable the organism to meet increased metabolic demands.Ultrastructural adaptaons provide the morphofunconal basis for ecient oxygen transport, diusion, and ulizaon.The aim is to summarize current data on the structural mechanisms of adaptaon in the heart, lungs, skeletal muscles, and vascular endothelium under physical acvity of varying types, intensies, and duraons, based on a review of scienc literature.This arcle summarizes key morphological and funconal changes in the oxygen transport system during muscular work.Regular exercise induces mitochondrial hypertrophy and proliferaon in skeletal muscles and cardiomyocytes, reecng enhanced aerobic metabolism.Capillary density increases around muscle bers, improving oxygen diusion.Adaptaons also include greater secretory acvity of atrial cardiomyocytes, endothelial hyperplasia, and remodeling of alveolar type II cells involved in surfactant synthesis.These changes reect integrated structural-func-onal mechanisms.Special aenon is paid to dierences between adapve responses in trained individuals and destrucve reacons under excessive or inappropriate loads in untrained organisms, emphasizing the need for personalized training programs.