Adaptive Multi-Connectivity Communication for Enhanced Reliability in B5G Vehicular Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are essential to intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and are designed to provide reliable and efficient vehicular communications. With the development of Beyond 5G (B5G) networks, it is possible to significantly improve the performance of connected vehicles by combining the context-aware multi-connectivity of roadside units (RSUs) and B5G base stations. This paper introduces a mathematical framework for adaptive message propagation in C-V2X networks, employing an analytical model grounded in cluster length distribution and renewal theory. The model captures the effects of heterogeneous infrastructure coverage, specifically RSUs with a coverage range of 250–500 m and B5G towers with extended coverage up to 1000 m on the expected propagation speed of warning messages. Extensive simulations across different traffic conditions demonstrate shown when compared to conventional RSU-only systems, the suggested multiconnectivity method increases the message propagation speed by an order of magnitude. , especially at higher RSU spacings (up to 2500 m). The proposed model maintains propagation speeds exceeding 104 m/s in dense environments and achieves more stable message delivery in sparse scenarios. Furthermore, the results confirm that the model significantly extends network coverage and improves dissemination efficiency by reducing dependency on RSU density. Real-time responsiveness is ensured by integrating latency-aware adaptive switching between RSUs and B5G towers, which makes the suggested strategy scalable, reliable, and flexible enough to accommodate deployment limits in the real world.