RESEARCH TRENDS ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AT YOUNG SWIMMING ATHLETES: ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM INTERNATIONAL SCIENTOMETRIC BASES

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome.Numerous diseases are associated with this nosology, including infertility, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, neurological disorders.In particular these are sleep disorders, depression, muscle cramps of the extremities, impaired skin sensitivity, paresthesias, decreased strength and tone of skeletal muscles, etc.The aim of the work is to review scientific materials with a generalization of the influence of adipose tissue on the occurrence of polycystic ovary syndrome and its components, such as endocrine disorders.The complex interaction between obesity and PCOS affects both the etiology and treatment.Obesity plays a certain role in the occurrence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, which is one of the causes of PCOS.Adipose tissue performs an endocrine function, producing a whole family of adipocytokines.They are links in the process of hypothalamic hypogonadism, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia with a shift in the balance towards very low density lipoproteins, iron deficiency anemia, impaired follicular and extraovarian steroidogenesis due to modulation of aromatase activity in preadipocytes and follicular cells, which is manifested mainly by increased production of androgens and estradiol, and improper functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis is manifested by increased secretion of luteinizing hormone and a decrease in the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone.Also, obesity, which accompanies PCOS, leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulates oxidative stress.Thus, overweight and the associated PCOS disrupt a number of pathological processes of both reproductive and general extragenital plan, which may well cause a modulatory effect on the central and peripheral nervous systems both directly and indirectly.