Prevalence of cardiac abnormalities and heart failure in India: An overview

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including cardiac abnormalities and heart failure (HF), have emerged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Rapid urbanization, changing dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, and increasing prevalence of comorbid conditions such as diabetes and hypertension have contributed significantly to the burden of heart diseases. This review highlights the current scenario of cardiac abnormalities and heart failure in India, discussing epidemiological trends, major risk factors, urban-rural disparities, and health system challenges.