Driving public value through co-production: digital transformation in Colombia

This study examines how co-production between public entities and a university innovation lab (LAB101) enables effective digital transformation (DT) processes in Colombia’s public sector. Using a qualitative multiple case study design, three initiatives at national, local, and regional levels were analyzed between 2019 and 2024. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with technical and administrative actors, and data were analyzed through content analysis. Findings reveal that co-production serves as a catalyst for the creation of public value—economic, administrative, social, and citizen—by articulating collaborative strategies centered on users. Key enabling factors identified include executive leadership, organizational agility, digital culture, technical skills, IT infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks. Moreover, change management based on continuous training and agile methodologies proved essential for technological adoption and internal cultural transformation. One of the most significant contributions is the demonstration that co-production generates a feedback loop that not only impacts public entities but also transforms the innovation lab itself, enhancing its methodological and collaborative capacities. However, structural barriers were identified, including resistance to change, rigid regulations, and limited planning for sustainability. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to develop impact indicators to ensure the longevity of DT initiatives and calls for further research in diverse Latin American contexts to scale and adapt these practices.