Understanding the Thermal Aspects of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack for Sustainable Operation in Electric Vehicle Applications

Green mobility is vital in achieving sustainable development of society as well as the sustenance of economies. Governments around the world are making policy efforts to encourage electric vehicle adoptions. The trends are showing positive indicators towards EV adoption. However, there are some critical concerns about EVs that hinder the minds of customers in EV adoption. Range anxiety and battery safety are the two prominent concerns. Lithium-ion batteries are the backbone of EVs and understanding the thermal aspects of the cell can lead to safe and optimum performance. This article reviews the heat production and thermal management aspects. Heat generation aspects such as irreversible and reversible components and building the heat balance equation for analysis have been reviewed. Further thermal management systems like active cooling, passive cooling, and hybrid cooling have been reviewed to understand the cooling mechanism employed to keep the battery temperature within the permissible range. This paper concludes with a holistic perspective understanding the heat generation and cooling mechanism in Lithium-ion cell.