"CLIMATE CHANGE AND EFFECT ON ATTOLLS"

Abstract:- This research paper examines the growing threats posed by climate change to atolls—ring-shaped coral islands found predominantly in tropical ocean regions. These islands, characterized by low elevation and fragile ecosystems, are among the most vulnerable geographical features on Earth in the face of climate change. The study explores how rising sea levels, increasing ocean temperatures, coral bleaching, saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources, and more frequent extreme weather events are disrupting both the natural environment and human settlements on atolls. “These environmental stressors not only degrade coral reefs and coastal landscapes but also threaten the livelihoods, water and food security, and habitability of local Communities.”1 “Focusing on case studies from the Maldives, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands, this paper highlights how atoll nations are experiencing the front-line impacts of climate change.”2 It also reviews the adaptation strategies being employed, including coastal defence structures, coral restoration efforts, rainwater harvesting systems, and international advocacy for climate justice. The paper concludes that unless global carbon emissions are significantly reduced and adequate technical and financial support is extended to these vulnerable island states, many atolls could become uninhabitable within this century. The displacement of populations due to environmental degradation may lead to the emergence of climate refugees, creating new humanitarian and geopolitical challenges. Thus, this research not only raises environmental concerns but also calls for a shared global responsibility, particularly from high-emission industrialized nations, to support atoll regions through coordinated climate action and international cooperation.