Integrative Analysis of an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Decoction: From Phytochemistry to Pharmacological Efficacy

Background: Ayurvedic medicine offers a wealth of traditional formulations, yet many remain scientifically underexplored. One such formulation, a polyherbal decoction composed of Drynaria quercifolia, Eclipta prostrata, Phyllanthus amarus Schumach, Phyllanthus emblica, Piper longum, Piper nigrum, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, is traditionally known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gastroprotective properties. Despite its widespread use, limited scientific data exist regarding its phytochemical constituents and pharmacological mechanisms. To investigate the chemical composition and therapeutic potential of the Ayurvedic polyherbal decoction using modern analytical and biological techniques, aiming to bridge traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific validation. Methods: Phytochemical profiling was performed using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify bioactive constituents. Pharmacological evaluations included antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS assays), anti-inflammatory (nitric oxide inhibition), and cytotoxicity (MTT assay) analyses. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to assess ligand-protein interactions. DNA binding and nitric oxide suppression assays further substantiated the therapeutic relevance of this compound. Results: The decoction exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with minimal cytotoxicity. GC-MS and HPTLC analyses revealed the presence of multiple bioactive compounds with known pharmacological properties. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations confirmed strong binding affinities between decoction constituents and inflammation-related protein targets, supporting potential mechanisms of action. DNA binding studies and nitric oxide suppression confirmed the formulation’s efficacy in modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of the Ayurvedic polyherbal decoction through comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological analyses. The integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific tools underscores its relevance in contemporary healthcare, providing a natural and effective alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals for managing inflammation, oxidative stress, and gastrointestinal disorders.