Experimental Performance Evaluation of Shape Memory Alloy-Based Active Composites Under Aerodynamic Loading

This study presents an experimental investigation of a novel shape memory alloy (SMA)-based active composite designed for aerodynamic applications. The research addresses critical interface challenges in SMA-polymer composites through an innovative multi-material architecture incorporating a high-temperature silicone matrix and PC/ABS structural layer. Systematic wind tunnel experiments characterized the shape morphing capabilities under various aerodynamic loading conditions, with flow velocities ranging from 0 to 125 km/h. The experimental results demonstrate robust morphing performance, achieving a maximum deflection of 52 mm under static conditions and maintaining 60% of this capability (31.6 mm) at maximum flow velocity. The composite’s deformation profiles exhibit nonlinear behavior with increasing aerodynamic loads while preserving consistent actuation characteristics across all test conditions. This stability is attributed to the strategic integration of compliant and structural layers, effectively addressing previously reported interface limitations. The findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed material architecture for active aerodynamic components, particularly in automotive applications requiring reliable performance under varied operating conditions. The experimental characterization provides valuable insights for future development of adaptive structures, establishing a foundation for optimizing geometric and material parameters in SMA-based active composites.