A numerical study of the ballistic performance of multi-layered targets through uncoupled damage models

Ballistic-resistant structures are vital in the defense and aerospace industries, designed to provide effective protection by balancing material thickness and weight. Multi-layered configurations that combine the strengths of different materials offer improved ballistic resistance and provide ease of maintenance. The performance of such structures is affected by parameters such as material type, thickness and layer sequence, highlighting the need for further research. In multi-layer ballistic impact studies, damage models such as Johnson-Cook (JC), modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC) and Cockcroft-Latham (CL) are commonly used to predict the resistance capacity and failure of targets. In the present study, various uncoupled damage models such as Ayada, Ayada-m, Brozzo, KH, Le-Roy (LR), McClintock (MC), Oh (OH), Rice-Tracey (RT), CL, Fredenthal are implemented in Abaqus and applied to assess the ballistic performance of Armox 500T. The ability of the models to predict failure modes and residual velocity according to the impact velocity and bullet nose shape with different layer combinations is discussed in detail.