Climate Change and Renewable Resources in India: A Comprehensive Analysis for Sustainable Development

Abstract India stands at the forefront of global climate and energy transitions, facing the dual challenge of mitigating climate change while meeting the rapidly growing energy demands of its large population. This study provides an integrated analysis of India’s vulnerability to climate change, the current status and trajectory of its renewable energy sector, and the effectiveness of policies in achieving sustainable development. Drawing from national and international data, energy system models, and socio-economic indicators, the study identifies key barriers—technical, financial, regulatory, and social—that hinder India’s transition to clean energy. Despite notable progress, including significant growth in solar and wind capacity, systemic challenges like grid instability, funding gaps, and land use conflicts remain. The research highlights the need for stronger governance, inclusive planning, and investment in infrastructure to ensure a just and sustainable energy future. Ultimately, the paper proposes actionable policy recommendations aimed at achieving India’s net-zero targets while ensuring socio-economic equity and environmental protection.