Optimization of Residential PV and Battery Storage Systems in Iran Using Grey Wolf Optimizer Under the Latest Tariff Structure

The rising cost of energy and increasing reliance on renewable energy systems have made optimizing photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage (BES) critical for residential applications. This study focuses on optimizing the size of PV and BES for residential use in Iran under the latest electricity tariff structure. The total annual energy cost is minimized using the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) in PV-only and PV&BES scenarios across various configurations. A baseline annual energy cost of 57,221,840 IRR without PV or BES was reduced to 16,134,627 IRR under the PV-only scenario which is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{7 1. 8 \%}$</tex> better than baseline and to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$-284,682$</tex> IRR under the PV&BES scenario. The optimal configuration includes a PV capacity of 5.29 kW and a battery capacity of 5.70 kWh, achieving a cost reduction of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$52,877,301$</tex> IRR compared to the baseline. These results highlight the economic benefits of deploying PV&BES systems in residential settings under Iran's updated tariff structure.