Temperature Estimation of a Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Through Various Heat Generation Approaches

Towards the sustainable development of the transportation sector, the role of lithium-ion batteries as major components of pure electric and hybrid electric vehicles is becoming increasingly significant. The long-term health and performance of lithium-ion batteries are greatly affected by temperature, making the design of efficient battery thermal management systems crucial. One of the fundamental steps in this process is accurate estimation of battery heat generation. In this regard, the capabilities of the Bernardi equation, the polynomial function, and the constant rate model in predicting the temperature of a prismatic lithium-ion battery were evaluated. The results indicated that the Bernardi model outperformed the other models, particularly at C-rates below 9C, based on the maximum relative error. Moreover, although the constant rate model overestimated the battery's average surface temperature at C-rates above 3C, it performed better than the polynomial function model.