Neurocriminology and Serial Violence: A Meta-Analysis of Biological and Neurological Correlates of Criminal Behavior

This meta-analysis synthesizes recent findings in neurocriminology to examine the biological and neurological underpinnings of criminal behavior, with a specific focus on serial killers and individuals exhibiting extreme violence. Drawing from studies across neuroimaging, genetic research, and psychophysiological assessments, the review identifies consistent patterns of dysfunction in brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and limbic system. Genetic markers, hormonal imbalances, and prenatal factors are also examined for their predictive role in antisocial behavior. Across reviewed studies, a common thread emerges: deficits in impulse control, emotional regulation, and moral reasoning are strongly associated with both structural and functional brain abnormalities. Environmental interactions—especially early trauma—appear to exacerbate biological vulnerabilities. By integrating multi-domain findings, this paper highlights the value of neuro criminological frameworks in informing criminal profiling, legal responsibility assessments, and rehabilitative strategies. Implications for mental health interventions and forensic evaluations are discussed.