The experience of interaction of the state fire protection with non-state organizations in the fight against fires in the XIX century

The article analyzes the transition from an archaic fire safety system to the creation of a professional structure to ensure the safety of cities from fires. An explanation is given why this transition became possible only at the beginning of the XIX century. It shows the emergence of various non-governmental organizations interested in real assistance to a professional firefighting agency and taking on both the preventive aspects of firefighting and those directly involved in extinguishing fires. The socio-historical experience of state regulation of the fire safety process is shown through the formation of such state structures as the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, legal involvement in the development of firefighting of private entrepreneurship, public selfgovernment bodies and a variety of both state and public organizations. A comprehensive historiographical and source review of the problem is given, which allows us to see the research procedure in each of the areas under consideration, as well as the contribution of adherents of this topic to its popularization and scientific vision.