Diseases of Ornamental Fish: Diagnosis, Management, and Current Perspectives

Ornamental fish, commonly kept in aquariums and ponds, are susceptible to a broad spectrum of diseases arising from microbial infections, parasitic infestations, nutritional imbalances, and environmental stressors. With increasing interest in aquaculture and aquarium keeping, it becomes critical to understand disease diagnosis and treatment protocols. This article provides a comprehensive update on disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment in ornamental fish, incorporating current research and referencing emerging threats