Identification of oral bacterial species from Buccal cavity of Oral Cancer patients compare to normal individuals, and antibacterial efficacy testing of Soursop leaves extract and its Silver and Chitosan based nanoparticles (CSNPs) against these oral

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the role of Oral bacteria in the severity of Oral Cancers as compared to normal individuals. Many pathogens that can have an impact on cancer development in the gastrointestinal tract are also found in the oral cavity. Some specific species have been identified that correlate strongly with oral cancer, and to screen the antibacterial efficacy of ‘Soursop’ leaves extract against these oral bacterial species and we identified antioxidant activity of these extracts. Methods: Study started with health history survey of selected individuals having Oral Cancer & Healthy individuals. A mixed group of male & female with age group of 18 to 75 years from Bhopal and its peripheral regions, (M.P) India, after final approval received by ‘Institutional Ethical Committee’ (Approval. No: 1130e/JNCH/RES/20/12/24). Screening of individuals: With the help of Department of Surgery, JNCH & RC, Bhopal, we identified the Oral cancer patients and after taking their informed consent our nursing staff took the oral sample with all aseptic precautions for microbial culture, healthy individuals were randomly chosen with few questions about their habits and disease history. Oral swab (Sterile) was used to collect the samples for further experiments. Experiments performed: Bacterial culture of swab samples taken from enrolled subjects on different agar medium, Morphological observation of bacterial colonies, Biochemical identification of isolated bacteria, Gram staining for microscopic identification, Disc & Agar well diffusion method for anti-microbial susceptibility testing of ‘Soursop’ leaves extract against these oral bacterial species, and antioxidant activity were calculate by DPPH method. Results: The sample size consisted of 25 Oral Cancer patients and 10 healthy controls, including both males and females. The present study yield a diverse array of bacterial species from the collected samples confirmed after gram staining and biochemical test. Aqua- Alcoholic extract of Annona muricata L. by using DDW and 95% Methanol was tested against these bacteria, another preparation subjected to nanoparticles/ metallic conjugate by using (Silver nitrate & Chitosan polymer) among the selected solvents and prepared metallic conjugates and nanoparticles all of these exhibited significant (mild to moderate) antibacterial and antioxidant effect. Conclusion: In this study, we aimed to determine the relationships between bacterial profile of buccal cavity among oral cancer subjects and healthy individuals. Through the analysis, we found significant changes in bacterial species between tumors sites and normal tissues in the buccal mucosa, and good antibacterial effects of ‘Soursop’ leaves extract observed against these oral bacterial species.