PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, ANTIOXIDANT, AND CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACTS FROM DIFFERENT PLANT PARTS OF Saccharum edule Hassk.

Several species of Saccharum exhibit antioxidant activity, among which Saccharum edule Hassk. is commonly used as a vegetable. This study aims to determine the phytochemical content, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total alkaloid, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of a 96% ethanol extract of S. edule stem, leaf, bract, and flower. Extracts were obtained via maceration, followed by qualitative phytochemical screening. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids were quantified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, antioxidant activity by the DPPH method, and cytotoxicity by the BSLT assay. Phytochemical screening of the 96% ethanol extracts from the stem, leaf, and bract of S. edule revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, while the flower extract contained only alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the 96% ethanol extract of the leaf, with an AAI value of 1.092 (strong category), total phenolic content of 5.112 ± 0.624 mg GAE/100g extract, and total flavonoid content of 2.514 ± 0.053 mg QE/100g extract. The highest lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was observed in the leaf and bract extracts (LC₅₀ < 500 µg/mL), with alkaloid concentrations of 1.873 ± 0.129 mg CE/g extract and 1.840 ± 0.074 mg CE/g extract, respectively. The results suggest that the 96% ethanol extracts of the leaf and bract of S. edule have the potential for further testing as antioxidant and anticancer agents.