Pilonidal diseases in children

Aim: to study the treatment results of the proposed surgical procedures in children with pilonidal diseases and determine the prospects for treatment based on a review of the literature from 1992 to 2023. Materials and methods. A review was conducted in domestic and foreign databases: eLIBRARY, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar for the period from 1992 to 2023. Key words used for the search: pilonidal cyst, pilonidal sinus, children. Results. Midline closure as a standard surgical approach has a recurrence rate reaching 45%, and after excision with open healing by secondary intention the recurrence rate was 23%. Procedures such as Karydakis, Bascom, “Cleft lift” and procedures with an advancement skin flap, recurrences occur in up to 10.2%. The use of minimally invasive procedures such as phenol, fibrin glue, pit-picking technique, Gips procedure, “sinusectomy” were accompanied by the occurrence of recurrences in 1% - 20% of cases. PEPSiT and laser probes proved promising, with recurrences occurring in 2.9%-4.8% of cases. Conclusion. The question of the ideal surgical procedure of pilonidal diseases in adult and children remains controversial. The procedures are always chosen individually, and depends on the severity and prevalence of the disease. Minimally invasive procedures are effectiveness with a low recurrence, however, to assess long-term results, it is necessary to accumulate material with subsequent analysis.