Research Progress on the Neuroimmune Mechanism of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

本文通过综合分析近年来针灸治疗变应性鼻炎(AR)的动物实验及临床研究文献，从免疫失衡及神经调控异常角度探讨了其发病机制及针灸调控AR的核心证据。在细胞免疫方面，针灸可以通过抑制Th2型细胞因子，上调Treg细胞比例，恢复Th1/Th2、Treg/Th17平衡，进而降低血清IgE水平；在神经调控方面，针灸可以抑制鼻黏膜相关神经肽的释放，降低感觉神经的敏感性，从而改善鼻部症状；分子机制研究进一步提示，针灸通过调节多条信号通路，形成多靶点协同干预的网络化效应模式，为针灸防治变应性鼻炎提供新的科学依据。本文在大量查阅文献的基础上，对针灸治疗变应性鼻炎的神经免疫机制的研究进展进行了综述。This study explores the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR) and elucidates the core mechanisms of acupuncture intervention of AR through a systematic analysis of recent animal experiments and clinical research literature on acupuncture treatment for AR, focusing on immune imbalance and neural dysregulation. In cellular immunity, acupuncture inhibits the overexpression of Th2-type cytokines, upregulates the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), restores the Th1/Th2 ratio and Treg/Th17 balance, thereby significantly reducing serum IgE levels. Regarding neural regulation, acupuncture suppresses the release of neuropeptides in nasal mucosa and reduces sensory nerve hypersensitivity, effectively alleviating nasal symptoms. Molecular mechanism studies further demonstrate that acupuncture coordinates multiple signaling pathways to establish a multi-target synergistic regulatory network. These findings provide novel scientific evidence supporting acupuncture’s role in AR prevention and treatment. Based on extensive literature review, this paper comprehensively reviews recent advances in understanding the neuroimmune mechanisms underlying acupuncture therapy for allergic rhinitis.