Research on Optimal Design Parameters of Photovoltaic Facades of High⁃Rise Office Buildings in Hot⁃Summer and Cold⁃Winter Regions Based on Energy⁃Saving Goals

In hot-summer and cold-winter regions， high-rise office buildings exhibit high energy consumption intensity， and the design of photovoltaic facades holds significant energy-saving potential. However， many design parameters pose complexity in their impact on building energy consumption and power generation. Therefore， based on surveys of 43 high-rise office buildings in hot-summer and cold-winter regions （using Wuhan as an example）， typical models of high-rise office building facades were established using ArchiCad software. Coupled with EcoDesigner and PVsyst software， energy consumption and power generation simulations were conducted to explore the influence of building morphology （orientation， standard floor area， floor height， planar aspect ratio）， window-to-wall ratio， and three types of photovoltaic facade forms （vertical surface protrusion， triangular protrusion， and sunshade） on building energy consumption and power generation. The results indicated that： 1） among the three types of design parameters considered in this study， the photovoltaic facade forms had the most significant impact on comprehensive energy consumption， with an energy-saving rate ranging from 23.86% to -2.15%， while building form design parameters had the least significant effect on comprehensive energy consumption， with variations of only 1.4% to -0.89%.； 2） in the design of photovoltaic facades， more attention should be paid to increasing the area of the photovoltaic facade rather than enhancing the intensity of annual solar irradiation； 3） on the premise of identical photovoltaic facade forms and satisfied ventilation/daylighting requirements， the energy-saving effect increased as the window-to-wall ratio decreased.