Identification of Root Causes of Post-harvest Food Losses in the Mango Supply Chain: A Case of Sindh and Punjab, Pakistan

Aim of the Study: This study aims to contribute to the achievement of SDG 2, SDG 12, and SDG 12.3 by identifying the root causes of post-harvest food losses in Pakistan's mango supply chains. Methodology: Employing a multifaceted approach, the researchers conducted detailed surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, and stakeholder meetings across the Punjab and Sindh provinces to gather first-hand insights regarding the post-harvest losses. The data is then analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings: The analysis indicates lack of governance and managerial mismatch are major sources of the continuing post-harvest losses. Contrary to early harvesting and the use of traditional methods that play key roles in increasing post-harvest losses, some farmers adopt advanced technologies to boost productivity and reduce post-harvest losses. Hot Water Treatment (HWT), cold storage and de-sapping are some commonly adopted advanced methods. Nevertheless, under pressure of the market rivalry and the tight schedules, the adoption of de-sapping and HWT is not very high, with mango exporters being the main users of the methods. Analysis also highlighted that cases of bribes clearing cargo at a port and the bureaucratic obstacles have led to discouragement of exports and contribute to post-harvest losses. Conclusion: The study concludes that lack of governance and traditional agriculture practices are the main causes of post-harvest food losses in mango supply chain. The analysis further suggested that de-sapping, HWT, and availability of trained labor during peak season can be used to minimize the post-harvest losses within the mango supply chain in Sindh and Punjab, Pakistan.