Perceptions of Key Stakeholders Regarding the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Peshawar, Pakistan: A Comparative Study of Parents, Healthcare Providers, Religious Scholars and Community Elders

Aim of the study: This study evaluates the perceptions of key stakeholders such as parents, healthcare providers, religious scholars and community elders regarding the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Peshawar, Pakistan. In spite of the widespread execution of immunization programs, barriers including vaccine reluctancy, misconception, and socio-cultural resistance continue to limit the accomplishment of EPI in the region. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional approach was employed, with data collected from 378 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The data was collected from the key Stakeholders, including parents, healthcare providers, religious scholars and community elders, to assess their perceptions regarding EPI in Peshawar. Results: The findings disclose noteworthy dilemmas faced by parents, healthcare providers, religious scholars and community elders, predominantly regarding trust in vaccine safety, misconceptions, and accessibility complications. The study also uncovers the influence of socio-cultural factors on immunization decisions, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to increase vaccine uptake. Conclusion: The research highlights the importance of understanding stakeholder perceptions to improve the effectiveness of immunization drives and inform policy decisions in Peshawar and similar regions.