Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Emulgel Derived from Nigella sativa

Inflammatory conditions require effective management to alleviate symptoms such as pain, swelling, and redness. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of an anti-inflammatory emulgel derived from Nigella sativa (Kalonji), known for its therapeutic properties. The formulation aimed to deliver the active compound thymoquinone transdermally, leveraging the emulgel system's advantages, including ease of application, enhanced skin penetration, and prolonged contact time. The extraction of thymoquinone was performed using the Soxhlet apparatus with ethanol, achieving a percent yield of 23.68%. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins in the extract. The emulgel was formulated using Kalonji extract, Tween 80, glycerine, Carbopol 940, triethanolamine, and distilled water. Four formulations were prepared and evaluated based on stability, homogeneity, and physical properties. The most stable formulation, F4, demonstrated suitable viscosity (13,250–22,000 cPs), Spreadability (51.47 cm²), and pH (mean 6.06). Drug content analysis confirmed uniform distribution of the extract within the emulgel. Diffusion studies using Franz diffusion cells indicated a maximum drug release of 78.47% within 1 hour. The protein denaturation assay showed significant anti-inflammatory potential, and the CAM assay confirmed the formulation's nonirritant nature. This study concludes that the Kalonji-based antiinflammatory emulgel is a promising candidate for transdermal application, offering a natural and effective approach to managing inflammation.