Digital Twins and Blockchain: How an Alternative Built Environment Business Model Can Be Enabled by Tokenisation

The paper considers the poor state of the construction industry in UK and ways in which it might improve for all stakeholders.The transition from present state to a desirable future is mapped using the "three horizons" and "four capitals" concepts.Servitisation is suggested as a key innovation for engineering systems in buildings, the dominant lifecycle cost area.Digital twinning facilitates this method of provision and blockchain technology can support its commercialisation, enabling payments for service delivered and keeping safe records.