Study on the Mechanism of Action of Chinese Herbal Medicine Intervention in the NF-<i>κ</i>B Signaling Pathway for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种慢性自身免疫性和炎症疾病，通常累及全身四肢小关节，造成增生性滑膜组织炎症，血管翳的形成，进行性侵蚀关节软骨和软骨下骨，导致关节囊受损、关节功能受限、关节畸形等不可逆性破坏。RA发病机制复杂，涉及多通路多种细胞和分子。核因子κB (NF-κB)信号通路在RA的发病过程中起着关键作用。近年来，中药在RA治疗中的应用日益广泛，其通过多靶点、多途径干预NF-κB信号通路，发挥抗炎、免疫调节和关节保护作用。本文综述了中药干预NF-κB信号通路在RA治疗中的作用机制，探讨了中药单体、复方及活性成分对NF-κB通路的调控作用，为中药治疗RA的现代化和国际化提供理论依据。Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease that typically affects the small joints of the limbs, leading to proliferative synovial tissue inflammation, pannus formation, and progressive erosion of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. These pathological changes result in irreversible damage, including joint capsule impairment, restricted joint function, and joint deformities. The pathogenesis of RA is complex, involving multiple pathways, cells, and molecules. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a critical role in the development of RA. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been increasingly applied in RA treatment, exerting anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and joint-protective effects by targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway through multiple mechanisms. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which TCM intervenes in the NF-κB pathway for RA treatment, exploring the regulatory effects of TCM monomers, compound formulations, and active components on the NF-κB pathway. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for the modernization and internationalization of TCM in RA therapy.