Mechanism of action of wound healing activity and properties of calendula officinalis

Calendula officinalis (Calendula, marigold) is a medicinal plant widely recognized for its woundhealing properties. This review paper delves into the multifaceted mechanisms underlying Calendula's efficacy in wound management, properties, chemical composition, traditional uses, pharmacological activities and future applications. The flowering plant Calendula officinalis belongs to the Asteraceae family. Through an extensive review of literature, we explore the key bioactive compounds responsible for its therapeutic effects, including triterpenoids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and polysaccharides. Although the exact mechanism is still unknown, it was assumed that the herb would improve blood flow to the injured location, carrying with it the oxygen and nutrients required for tissue repair. We analyze the impact of these compounds on inflammation, angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, granulation tissue formation, and epithelialization. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of Calendula in treating various types of wounds, highlighting its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immune stimulatory properties. Calendula officinalis promotes wound closure, reduces inflammation, combats infection, and fosters tissue regeneration. This comprehensive review aims to provide a understanding of the intricate mechanisms that contribute to the woundhealing activity of Calendula officinalis.