Current Application Status and Innovative Development of Surgical Robot

ABSTRACT Surgery has undergone a revolutionary development since the innovations in anesthesiology, aseptic techniques, and antibiotics. The use of modern techniques, especially minimally invasive techniques, has led to a new era of microsurgery and reduced patient trauma. Nevertheless, the new technologies have also brought about a diversification of surgical equipment and complexity of operations, prolonging physician training cycles and increasing costs. The emergence of surgical robots has solved the challenge of operating in small anatomical spaces, and their technology has continued to advance and has been used in several scenarios in the medical field to improve medical efficiency. This review systematically summarizes the technological evolution of surgical robots, the current status of their clinical applications, and provides a comprehensive assessment of their advantages and challenges. Further, this paper discusses the technological improvement paths of surgical robots and predicts their future development directions, including intelligence, specialization, precision, minimally invasiveness, and the enhancement of telesurgical capabilities. These advances will deepen the understanding of the development path of surgical robotics technology, facilitate the integration and dissemination of related knowledge, and promote the clinical application and technological innovation of surgical robots.