Challenges and Insights into Biomedical Waste Management in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A KAP Study

Introduction. Due to limited knowledge and inadequate practices, improper biomedical waste (BMW) management remains a pressing issue in developing countries. This study evaluates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding BMW management among healthcare personnel in a tertiary care hospital. Aim. The study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare personnel concerning BMW management and identify gaps in the implementation of BMW management protocols. Materials and methods. 296 participants, including doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, and multi-purpose workers, were surveyed using a semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Results. The results revealed that 70% of sanitary, 58.8% of nursing, and 42.9% of laboratory assistants demonstrated excellent knowledge levels (scores >10). In contrast, doctors exhibited average expertise (scores between 5-10). While healthcare personnel displayed a generally positive attitude toward BMW management, disagreements emerged regarding the notion of "safe management as teamwork." As mandated by regional regulations, the hospital lacked essential BMW management facilities, such as autoclaving, microwaving, hydroclaving, shredding, and disinfection. Partial incineration was the sole method available for final disposal. Conclusion. This study underscores the urgent need for targeted training programs and the strict enforcement of BMW management regulations to ensure effective and sustainable practices.