A latent profile analysis of postoperative quality of life in anal fistula patients and its influencing factors

Objective To analyze the latent classes in quality of life and influencing factors among patients after anal fistula surgery. Methods Using a convenience sampling method, 294 postoperative patients with anal fistula admitted to the hospital were enrolled as research objects between August and December 2024. Data were collected using self-designed questionnaires, including a general information survey, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Self-Perceived Burden Scale(SPBS), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to establish a 2-class model of quality of life in postoperative anal fistula patients. Logistic regression analysis was then conducted to explore the influencing factors associated with the latent classes of quality of life. Results The quality of life of postoperative anal fistula patients was categorized into two latent classes: “physiologically impaired type (66. 67%)” and “comprehensive quality-of-life type (33. 33%)”. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that low/high anal fistula classification, self-perceived burden, and psychological resilience were significant influencing factors of these latent quality-of-life profiles (P＜0. 05). Conclusion The quality of life among postoperative anal fistula patients demonstrates significant heterogeneity. Healthcare providers should develop personalized interventions based on the distinct characteristics of each latent profile and their influencing factors, thereby improving patients' postoperative quality of life. (目的 分析肛瘘术后患者生活质量潜在类别及影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法, 于2024年8月—12月, 选取中山大学附属第六医院肛肠外科收治的 294 例肛瘘术后患者作为研究对象。采用自编的一般情况调查表、生活质量量表(SF-36)、自我感受负担量表(SPBS)和心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)对其进行调查。采用潜在剖面分析建立了2个肛瘘术后患者生活质量潜在类别模型, 采用 Logistic 回归分析探讨肛瘘术后患者生活质量潜在类别的影响因素。结果 肛瘘术后患者生活质量分为“生理职能低下型(66. 67%)”、“生活质量全面型(33. 33%)”2种潜在类别, Logistic 回归分析结果显示低位或高位肛瘘、自我感受负担和心理弹性是肛瘘术后患者生活质量潜在剖面的影响因素(P＜0. 05)。结论 肛瘘术后患者生活质量水平存在异质性, 医护人员应根据不同剖面的分类特征及其影响因素制订个性化干预措施, 从而提高肛瘘术后患者生活质量水平。)