Influencing factors of self-awareness of falls and its relationship with social support in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the current status of self-awareness of falls and social support among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), analyze the relationship between them, and provide theoretical basis for developing relevant intervention measures. Methods From January to June 2024, 193 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized in a third grade-A hospital in Shanxi Province were selected by convenience sampling method and surveyed by Using general information questionnaire, Self-awareness of Falls in Elderly Scale(SAFE) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of self-awareness of falls in elderly patients with T2DM. Results The score of self-awareness of falls among the 193 elderly patients with T2DM was (61. 37±11. 18) and the score of social support was (57. 25±10. 37). The results of multivariate analysis showed that educational level, fall risk, history of falls in the past year, and history of hypoglycemia in the past year were the influencing factors of self-awareness of falls in elderly patients with T2DM (P＜0. 001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that self-awareness of falls was positively correlated with the perceived social support (r=0. 432, P＜0. 001). Conclusion The elderly patients with T2DM report a high level of self-awareness of falls, and it is positively correlated with social support. Clinical medical staff should pay attention to the self-awareness of falls in elderly patients with T2DM and enhance their social support level to improve self-awareness of falls and prevent falls. (目的 调查老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒警觉度和和社会支持的现状, 探讨两者间的相关性, 为制订相关干预措施提供理论依据。方法 采用便利抽样法, 选取2024年1月—6月在山西省某三级甲等医院住院的老年2型糖尿病患者193例为研究对象, 采用一般资料调查表、跌倒警觉度量表(SAFE)和领悟社会支持量表(PASS)进行横断面调查, 并采用Pearson相关性分析、多元线性回归分析老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒警觉的影响因素。结果 193例老年2型糖尿病患者跌倒警觉总分(61. 37±11. 18)分, 处于较高水平, 社会支持总分(57. 25±10. 37 )分, 处于中等水平; 多因素分析结果显示, 文化程度、跌倒风险、近1年跌倒史、近1年低血糖史为老年糖尿病患者跌倒警觉度的影响因素(P＜0. 001); Pearson相关分析显示, 跌倒警觉度总分与社会领悟支持量表总分及各维度得分呈正相关(r=0. 432, P＜0. 001)。结论 老年2型糖尿病患者的跌倒警觉水平较高, 且与社会支持呈正相关, 临床医护人员应重视老年2型糖尿病患者的跌倒警觉问题, 注重提升社会支持程度, 进而提高跌倒警觉意识, 预防跌倒发生。)