An Innovative Model of Physical Education Teaching Based on Audio Visual Media to Minimize Bullying Cases in School

This research aims to explore the effect of an innovative model that integrates the Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative model with an audiovisual media-based reciprocal teaching style in minimizing bullying behavior of grade VIII students of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Banjarbaru. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 58 students were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The pretest showed quite high bullying behavior, which was then intervened for four weeks. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the experimental group experienced a significant decrease in the bullying dimension, while the control group did not show any significant changes. The paired sample t-test shows the Sig value of 0.000 (P < 0.05) in the experimental group, indicating a significant difference before and after the intervention. In contrast, the control group did not show a significant difference (Sig. 0.772 > 0.05). However, the results of the independent sample t-test did not show a significant difference in value (Sig. 0.08 > 0.05). However, the results of other observations and statistical analyses strengthen the effectiveness of this intervention in creating a more inclusive learning environment. These results confirm that the application of a cooperative learning model with an audiovisual media-based reciprocal approach is effective in reducing bullying behavior in the school environment. This research makes an important contribution to the development of bullying prevention strategies among adolescents.