Prognostic Role of TSH Within Euthyroid T2DM Patients with Retinopathy: A 3-Year Cohort Study

TSH values showed a non-linear association with outcomes in euthyroid T2DR patients. Group 2 was linked to the lowest risk. Given the significantly higher mortality and combined complications identified within Group 1, closer monitoring and individualized follow-up strategies may be warranted for these patients. Additionally, TSH's impact on long-term mortality increased with age, supporting its use alongside age for risk stratification in T2DR.