Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Treating Pain: What Are the Data?

Cannabis is the most used federally illicit drug in the United States. Although cannabis use is associated with serious health consequences including cognitive dysfunction, memory problems, psychosis, and hyperemesis, and there is scant clinical evidence to support its use as a medicine, it is nevertheless being widely promoted to treat a wide range of health conditions including chronic pain. Currently, the body of clinical research taken together does not support the use of cannabis in any dosage form for treating any pain, particularly given the potential adverse effects. Certain cannabinoids have the potential to treat many clinical conditions, including perhaps specific pain conditions, but current research is insufficient to support their use for treating pain. More clinical research in compliance with regulatory guidelines is needed to consider approval of cannabis and related products as therapeutics for treating pain. If asked about the use of cannabis and related products for treating pain, providers should exercise caution and engage in evidence-informed discussions with patients to engage in shared decision-making. The lack of evidence supporting efficacy, with the potential of considerable adverse effects associated with the use of high-potency products of cannabis often being consumed currently, should be considered.