Full-space programmable metasurface for Bessel beam tailoring

In this Letter, a transmission-reflection integrated programmable metasurface, which achieves quasi-360° phase coverage in the reflection mode and 1-bit phase coding in the transmission mode, is proposed. The steering manipulation of the zeroth-order Bessel beam is investigated over an angular range of 10°-30° in the reflection space, verifying the reconfigurability of the proposed metasurface. Correspondingly, in the transmission space, beam steering is achieved from -10° to -30°, thereby showcasing full-space scanning capabilities. Both numerical simulations and experimental measurements exhibit good consistency, validating the effectiveness of the designed metasurface. The demonstrated capabilities of the proposed metasurface pave the way for adaptive beamforming, intelligent signal routing, and multifunctional wireless systems that demand full-space wave manipulation.