ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENT SENSORS: MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES AND ANALYTICAL CAPABILITIES. REVIEW

The paper presents a comprehensive review of current research and technological approaches in the development of electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensors, based on data from the literature and the results of our own research. It analyzes the basic principles of operation of these devices, the design features of electrode systems, methods for modifying their surfaces using nanomaterials and composites, as well as various technologies for applying active layers. The relationship between the structure of the sensor and its analytical efficiency, in particular the increase in sensitivity and selectivity, which is of key importance for use in biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and industrial analytics, is outlined. The article also contains a comparative analysis of modern methods for generating ECL signals and suggests promising areas for further research on the integration of innovative materials and technologies to optimize the performance of sensor systems. The work aims to systematize existing knowledge in the field and identify the main challenges to the expansion of ECL sensor applications.