A comprehensive assessment of drinking water quality using the water quality index

ABSTRACT Nowadays, various human activities and natural factors are posing a significant threat to freshwater resources. However, comprehensive information regarding their impact, particularly in Ethiopia and specifically in Finote Selam, remains limited. This study aimed to assess the comprehensive quality of drinking water sources using various water quality indices (WQIs). Twelve water quality parameters were considered for WQI computation. The results from the Weighted Arithmetic WQI ranged from 33.20 to 49.90 in the dry season, while in the rainy season, it ranged from 51.93 to 88.76. Meanwhile, the results of the CCME WQI fluctuated between 86.34 and 92.85 during the dry season, and varied from 56.25 to 81.65 in the rainy season. Nemerow's pollution index revealed that EC, turbidity, TC, FC, PO4, and Mg were the primary parameters contributing to pollution at most sampling points. This finding suggests that these water resources are influenced by both anthropogenic activities and natural factors. Therefore, systematic quality control and adequate treatment of water before its use for drinking purposes are necessary to ensure the protection of these water sources. Additionally, it is essential to regulate and mitigate the expansion of human activities and natural impacts to safeguard the quality of these freshwater resources.