A Two-Stage Coordinated Sensitivity Adjustment Method for Energy Storage and Distributed Photovoltaics on Line Losses

The large-scale integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in lightly loaded distribution networks poses significant challenges, including increased line losses caused by reverse power flow overload. Although Energy Storage Systems (ESS) can potentially alleviate these difficulties, traditional methods cannot handle the additional losses caused by grid-side energy storage devices. This paper proposes an innovative two-stage coordinated optimization strategy for photovoltaic and energy storage systems to overcome these issues. To evaluate the loss sensitivity of each node, a Composite Loss Sensitivity Factor (CLSF) calculation method is first proposed. Then the top five candidate nodes with the highest sensitivity are selected. On these selected nodes, photovoltaic and energy storage systems are subsequently coordinated and optimized to address the previously identified problems. Case studies on the IEEE 33-node test system demonstrate that this method can effectively overcome these difficulties.