A Joint Planning Framework for Charging Stations, Integrated Hydrogen Production-Refueling Stations and Power Distribution systems with Market Mechanism Integration

With the escalating challenges of global air pollution and fossil fuel depletion, the low-carbon transition in the transportation sector has emerged as a critical pathway toward sustainable development. Electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HVs), as prominent representatives of clean energy transportation, have experienced rapid growth, necessitating Integrated planning for supporting infrastructure such as charging stations (CSs) and integrated hydrogen production-refueling stations(IHPRSs). However, existing research predominantly treats CSs and hydrogen refueling facilities as independent systems, overlooking their potential synergies in resource utilization and spatial layout. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a joint planning model that integrates CSs, IHPRSs, and distribution system (DS) within a unified framework, while introducing a power market mechanism to optimize resource allocation. The model is solved using a binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm. The results indicate that the joint planning approach significantly enhances system efficiency, reduces operational costs, and improves economic benefits by leveraging the synergistic effects of CSs, IHPRSs, and DS.