Energy-Efficient IoT Systems for Smart Cities: Powering the Urban Transformation

Smart cities are increasing at a very fast pace that is refacing the world's skyline by using IoT as a tool to maximize the efficiency of resources and of services provided along with the standards of living. However, IoT services and devices has a problem that gives it a rise to a huge energy problem that needs to be addressed. The purpose of this research is to investigate efficient forms of power management for IoT intended for smart cities with regard to low power design specifically for the systems. These areas of concern include low power communication interfaces, energy acquisition methodologies, and smart energy management methods. The paper explores recent technologies that allow for local processing and low energy consumption through methods like edge computing and Artificial Intelligence to make decisions on the data without excessive energy expenditure on transmitting the data. Furthermore, the combination of renewable energy sources with IoT structures is investigated to reduce impact. Real-world examples related to smart city implementation show performance gains in terms of operational savings, longer equipment durability, and optimization of system architecture. This research uniquely fills the gap between energy related efficiency and the IoT technology providing the framework needed to drive the urban reformation without compromising the sustainability of the environment. In doing so, the findings support intelligent frameworks for constructing smart cities with the coping skills for the subsequent stages of the smart city revolution while also embracing the responsibility of being the custodians of the world's future environment.