An Energy-Efficient Precision Agriculture Communication Embedded System CoAP Design

Precision agriculture in rural areas often faces challenges in communication due to the limited availability, robustness and power-constrained devices of existing infrastructure. The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), particularly when it is run over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) transport layer, offers a lightweight and efficient communication solution for resource-constrained environments prevalent in precision agriculture. Therefore, this work focuses on the implementation of CoAP over UDP to bypass modem firmware and rely on the Zephyr operating system, providing a more accessible and scalable communication model for energy-efficient precision agricultural systems. The CoAP over UDP protocol implementation results highlight the practical advantages of CoAP for energy efficiency and reduced latency, particularly in scenarios with limited connectivity or high packet loss conditions. In addition, byte overhead analysis reveals a substantial reduction in overhead with CoAP, especially in small payload scenarios