Resilience Assessment of Power-Thermal Systems Considering Coordinated Cyber and Physical Attacks

With the development of the energy internet, the integration of cyber and physical systems has accelerated the coordination of various energy systems. This drives the evolution of power and thermal systems into Power and Thermal Cyber-Physical Systems (PTCPS). However, the high coupling of PTCPS makes it more susceptible to cascading failures when facing cyber and physical attacks, leading to severe system-wide losses. This paper proposes a comprehensive resilience assessment framework, focusing on the impact of cyber-physical coordinated attacks on PTCPS. Firstly, the operational characteristics of PS, TS, and CS, as well as their interdependencies, are considered to establish a PTCPS system model. Secondly, the effects of cyber and physical attacks on the system are analyzed by constructing a dynamic operation optimization model based on PTCPS, which simulates the processes of attack response and fault recovery. Thirdly, multi-stage resilience curves are generated to propose operational resilience indicators and coupling resilience indicators, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of cyber-physical coordinated attacks from the perspectives of system performance and inter-system coupling relationships. Simulations on two test systems of different scales show that the proposed framework effectively assesses PTCPS resilience under various attack scenarios. It also reveals the significant impact of fault propagation and multi-energy coordination on system resilience in highly coupled systems.