Impact of Photovoltaic Penetration on Distribution System Performance: A Simulink-Based Study Using the IEEE 9-Bus Mode

Abstract—This study investigates the effects of pho- tovoltaic (PV) system integration at different penetra- tion levels (0%, 10%, 30%, and 50%) on the perfor- mance of a three-phase distribution network modeled in Simulink. Using an adapted IEEE 9-Bus system, the research evaluates key system parameters such as total generation, total PQ load, total shunt impedance, total asynchronous machine count, and total system losses. The simulation model incorporates a detailed PV array design, pulse generation and control, and load flow analysis to capture dynamic behaviors un- der varying renewable energy contributions. Results indicate that while total generation slightly increases and shunt admittance varies with PV penetration, the overall impact on system losses and load remains minimal. The findings provide valuable insights into the feasibility of integrating solar PV systems into traditional power networks while maintaining system stability and efficiency.