Air Embolism After Central Venous Catheter Insertion via the Internal Jugular Vein: A Case Report

We present the case of a 50-year-old female admitted to the intensive care unit with altered mental status and cardiovascular compromise. Despite vasopressor support via a central venous catheter in the right internal jugular vein, she remained in shock. Chest CT revealed an iatrogenic air embolism involving the right ventricle. The embolism resolved after catheter removal, Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus positioning, and mechanical ventilation. However, the patient subsequently developed refractory septic shock, unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibiotics and maximum norepinephrine support, leading to her death on day six. This case highlights the importance of early detection and prompt management of air embolism.