Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutic Approaches in Zoonotic Infections

Zoonotic infections—diseases naturally transmitted between animals and humans—represent over 60% of emerging infectious diseases globally. The increasing frequency of zoonotic outbreaks, driven by factors such as globalization, environmental change, and intensified human–animal interactions, underscores the urgent need for robust diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Traditional diagnostic tools, while useful, often lack the sensitivity, specificity, and speed required to manage emerging zoonoses effectively. In response, molecular diagnostics have revolutionized the detection and characterization of zoonotic pathogens. Techniques such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), next-generation sequencing (NGS), and CRISPR-based assays have enabled rapid, accurate, and high-throughput identification of a broad spectrum of zoonotic agents. These technologies not only facilitate early detection but also support genomic surveillance, antimicrobial resistance profiling, and outbreak tracking.