SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF CHAGAS DISEASE IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN THE STATE OF PIAUÍ, BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID REGION

Objective: To investigate the seroprevalence of Chagas disease (CD) among the rural population of communities within the municipality of Simplício Mendes, located in the state of Piauí, Brazilian semiarid region. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and serological survey conducted from 2022 to 2023 in 10 rural communities. Capillary blood samples were collected from consenting residents and screened for anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies using the TR Chagas Bio-Manguinhos kit. Positive samples underwent confirmatory testing using ELISA and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay techniques. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and potential risk factors for CD transmission were collected through a structured questionnaire. Results: The overall serologically confirmed positivity rate in the rural communities of Simplício Mendes municipality was 4.1% (8/195). Older age (> 40 years) and lower levels of formal education were associated with higher seropositivity rates. Triatomine infestation was reported in 71.3% of households, with higher prevalence during the dry season (69.2%). Conclusion: The study highlights the persistent threat of CD in rural communities of Simplício Mendes, Piauí, emphasizing the need for sustained surveillance and control efforts. Socioeconomic and environmental factors contribute to ongoing transmission cycles, underscoring the importance of community engagement and health education initiatives.