Comprehensive phytochemical analysis of Momordica charantia ethanol extract: Insights from Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy and in-silico ADMET studies

Abstract. Mohanty SK, Nayak Y, Sahoo L. 2024. Comprehensive phytochemical analysis of Momordica charantia ethanol extract: Insights from Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy and in-silico ADMET studies. Asian J Agric 8: 1-9. The Momordica charantia L. plant, also known as bitter gourd or bitter melon, is a crucial herbal remedy with a wide range of medicinal properties. It contains various essential phytocompounds, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective. The study investigates the phytochemical profile of M. charantia (bitter melon) ethanol extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, coupled with an in-silico ADMET assessment of the identified compounds. GC-MS analysis revealed a diverse range of phytoconstituents, including bioactive compounds such as Vitamin E, gentisic acid, cucurbitacin B dihydro, and various fatty acid esters, known for their potential therapeutic benefits. These compounds were further analysed using in-silico ADMET tools to predict their pharmacokinetic & Physiochemistry profiles. The results indicated that the majority of the identified compounds possess favourable ADMET properties, including good oral bioavailability and moderate toxicity levels, suggesting their potential as candidates for drug development. However, certain compounds, such as cucurbitacin, dihydro, and gentesic acid exhibited potential toxicity, necessitating careful consideration in therapeutic applications. The integration of GC-MS with in-silico ADMET analysis provides a data of the pharmacological potential and safety of M. charantia ethanol extract, supporting its traditional use and encouraging further exploration as a source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical development.