Proline-driven metabolic reprogramming promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy and oxidative myofiber specification in porcine offspring: a stage-optimized maternal nutritional intervention

This study identified the primary fiber formation period as a critical window. Supplementation with Pro during G20-114 reprogrammed offspring skeletal muscle development through STAT3-CCND1-mediated myoblast proliferation, enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics, and oxidative fiber specification. However, no such effects were observed during G60-114. These findings propose maternal Pro intervention as a novel strategy to enhance muscle yield and metabolic efficiency in swine production, with potential applications for improving meat quality traits linked to oxidative muscle phenotypes.