The effectiveness of using an allogeneic graft from the wide fascia of the hip for the preventive surgical treatment of «thin» gingiva biotype

The aim of the study was to investigate the use of allografts from the broad fascia of the thigh for preventive surgical treatment of the “thin” gingival biotype in the area of dental implants. Material and methods. The study included patients of dental clinics in Yekaterinburg (n = 20), who underwent plastic surgery in combination with closure of the wound surface with an allograft from the broad fascia of the thigh. The growth of keratinized attached gingiva was assessed immediately after surgery 6 months after surgical treatment using microscopic examinations, photography and changes in the thickness of the gingiva on a histological preparation. Results and discussion. Six months after the operation using an allogeneic graft from the broad fascia of the thigh, tissues similar in general structure to gingiva tissues were determined at the site of the operation. The structure of the epithelial cells corresponded to the norm, pathological changes in them were not detected. The formed connective tissue plate was well supplied with blood. The total thickness of the gingiva tissues varied from approximately 1.516 mm to 1.826 mm, which gives grounds to classify these gingiva tissues as a “thick” biotype. Conclusion. In the studied group of patients, allografts transplanted in the implantation area for gingiva thickening are completely replaced after 6 months without signs of inflammatory processes by adequate connective tissue regenerate covered with a full-fledged epithelial layer, and form a phenotype of “thick” gingiva. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of using an allogeneic transplant from the broad fascia of the thigh for preventive surgical treatment of the “thin” gingiva biotype.